Prevalence of Convergence Insufficiency among Elementary School Children

Auteurs-es

  • J.E. Letourneau
  • S. Ducie

DOI :

https://doi.org/10.65636/cjo.v50i3.6973

Mots-clés :

convergence insufficiency, children, elementary school

Résumé

La prévalence de l'insuffisance de convergence chez des enfants de 5 à 13 ans a été mesurée dans six écoles primaires de la région de Montreal, soit un échantillon de 2,048 sujets des deux sexes. Le taux de prévalence était de 2.25% (CI95% =l.6-2.9) ce qui est inférieur aux résultats antérieurs. Les raisons de cette différence, la signification clinique de l'insuffisance de convergence et les méthodes de diagnostic sont analysées.

Références

1. Pickwell. L.D. The increase in conver­gence inadequacy with age. Ophthalmic Phvsiol. Opt. 5: 347-348, 1985. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1313.1985.tb00677.x

2. Schapero, M .. Cline, D. and Hofstetter. H.W. Dictionary of Visual Science. Philadelphia, Chilton, 1968.

3. Duke-Elder, W.S. System of Ophthal­mology. Kimpton, London. 564-572. 1973.

4. Capobianco. M. Symposium on conver­gence insufficiency: incidence and diag­nosis. Am. Orrhop. J. 3: 13-17, 1953. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0065955X.1953.11981077

5. Kratka, Z. and Kratka. W. H. Conver­gence insufficiency: its frequency and imponance. Am. Orthop. J. 6: 72-73. 1956. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0065955X.1956.11981167

6. Mayou. S. The treatment of convergence deficiency. 81: Orthop. J. 3: 72-82. 1945.

7. Mould, W.L. Recognition and manage­ment of atypical convergence insuffi­ciency. J. Pediarr. Ophthalmol. 7: 212-214, 1970.

8. P.dssmore. J.W. and MacLean, F. Conver­gence insufficiency and its management. Am. J. Ophtha/1110/. 43: 448-456. 1957. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9394(57)92346-2

9. Burian. N.M. Anomalies of the conver­gence and divergence functions and their treatment. Trans. New Orleans Acad. Ophrha/. 223-232. 1971.

10. Malito. R.S. Eye strain from convergence insufficiency. Br. Med. J. 2: 564-565. 1972. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.5813.564

11. Hirsch. M.1. A study of forty-eight cases of convergence insufficiency at the near point. Am. J. Op10111. & Arch. Am. Acad. Oprom. 20: 52-58, 1943. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00006324-194302000-00002

12. Kent, P.R. and Steeve. J.H. Convergence insufficiency, incidence among military personnel and relief by onhoptic methods. Mi/it. Surg. 112: 202-205. 1953. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/milmed/112.3.202

13. Pickwell, L.D. and Hampshire. R. The significance of inadequate convergence. Ophtlwlmic Physiol. Op1. I: 13-18, 1981. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1313.1981.tb00143.x

14. Daum. K. Convergence insufficiency. Am. J. Optom. & Physiol. Opr. 61: 16-22. 1984. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00006324-198401000-00003

15. Norn, M.S. Convergence insufficiency: Incidence in ophthalmic practice. Results of orthoptic treatment. Acta Oplrtha/1110/. 44: 132-138. 1966. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.1966.tb08011.x

16. Dunlop, P. The changing role of orth­optics in dyslexia. Br. Onhop. J. 33: 22-28. 1976.

17. Mazow. M.L. The convergence insuffi­ciency syndrome. J. Pediatr. Ophtha/1110/. 8: 243-244. 1971. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3928/0191-3913-19711101-07

18. Grieve, J. and Archibald, D.H. Some facts and figures relating to heterophoria in symptom-free individuals. Trans. Ophtha/1110/. Soc. U. K. 62: 285-294, 1942.

19. Allen, D., Berman, P., Grownson, R. and Olson, D. Analysis of the results of the Washington County District: 15 elemen­tary school vision screening. The ABBO Study, College of Optometry, Pacific University, 1975.

20. Letourneau. J.E., Lapierre. N. and Lamont, A. The relationship between convergence insufficiency and school achievement. Am. J. Optom. & Physiol. Opr. 56: 18-22, 1979. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00006324-197901000-00004

21. Smith. A. Convergence deficiency: an occupational study. Br. Orthop. J. 8: 56-70, 1951.

22. Benton. C.D. Management of dyslexias associated with binocular control abnor­malities, in Dyslexia: Diagnosis and Treatment of Reading Disorders, A. K. Keeney and Y.T. Keeney. (Ed.) St. Louis, Mosby, 143-154, 1968.

23. Norn, M.S., Rindziunski. E. and Skyds­gaard. H. Ophthalmologic and onhoptic examinations of dyslectics. Acta Ophrhalmol. 47: 147-160, 1969. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.1969.tb05618.x

24. Lieberman, S. The prevalence of visual disorders in a school for emotionally dis­turbed children. J. A111. Optom. Assoc. 56: 800-803, 1985.

25. White. J.W. and Brown, H.W. Occurrence of vertical anomalies associated with con­vergent and divergent anomalies. A clin­ical study. Arch. Ophthalmol. 21: 999-1009, 1939. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.1939.00860060109007

26. Mann, I. Convergence deficiency, Brit. J. Ophthalmol. 24: 373-390, 1940. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.24.8.373

27. Pickwell, L.D. and Stephens, L.C. Inade­quate convergence. Br. J. Physiol. Opt. 30: 34-37, 1975.

28. Duthie. 0. M. Convergence deficiency. Br. Orthop. J. 2: 38-41, 1944.

29. Manson, N. Anaemia as an aetiological factor in convergence insufficiency 81: J. Ophrhal. 46: 674-677, 1962. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.46.11.674

Publié-e

2026-06-12

Comment citer

Letourneau, J., & Ducie, S. (2026). Prevalence of Convergence Insufficiency among Elementary School Children . Revue Canadienne d’optométrie, 50(3), 194–197. https://doi.org/10.65636/cjo.v50i3.6973

Numéro

Rubrique

Recherche originale