Visual Performance for Chromatic Displays

Authors

  • H. Kergoat
  • J.V. Lovasik

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.65636/cjo.v50i3.6971

Keywords:

visual performance, chromatic displays

Abstract

Video Display Uni1s (VDUs) have been incorporated in various work­stations over the past few years. Their widespread use has been accom­panied by many symptoms of general and visual discomfort. 0n the visual side, several studies have implicated inaccuracies in the accommdative system as the possible cause of VDU relaled visual fatigue. Further, the use of color-coded information in modern electro-optical displays may stress the focussing system even more because of the chrommic aberration presenl in the optics of the human eye. In view of the popularity of VDUs and their possible implication in user's visual fatigue, we examined lhe effect of VDU displayed colored stimuli on the visual neural and accommodarive system of the human eye. Twenty paid volunteers in a 22 to 35 year age category participated in the present study. Stimuli were presentedon a high resolution RGB monitor, as a 40 cm obseration distance and varried in color, size and degree of retinal defous. Vissually Evoked Potential (VEP) and lazer optometer techniques were used to assess visual neural and accommodative performance. Both measures isolated differential effects of these stimuli characteristics on the visual system. Results are presented and discussed as they relate to electro-optical display design.

References

1. Rosenthal S, Grundy J Visual Display Units. Nightmare to the operator? JN: Vision and VDUs. Assoc Opt Practition­ers. London. 233-34.

2. Reading VM. Eyestmin and reading from a screen. Reprographics Quanerly. 1979 autumn; 12(4): 113-6.

3. Stewart TMF. Eyestrain and visual display units: A review. Dfaplays 1979; 1(1): 25-32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-9382(79)90052-0

4. Dainoff MJ. Occupational stress factors in visual display terminal (VDT) operation: A review of empirical research. Beh lnfonn Tech 1982; 1(2): 141-76. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/01449298208914444

5. Knave BG, Wibom RI, Voss M, Hedsrrom LD, Bergqvist UOY. Work with video dis­play terminals among office employees l. Subjective symptoms and discomfort. Scand J Work Environ Healrh 1985; 11: 457-66. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5271/sjweh.2200

6. Gould JD, Grischkowsky N. Doing the same work with hard copy and cathode­ray tube (CRT) computer terminals. Human Facrors 1984; 26(3): 323-37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/001872088402600308

7. Woo GC, Strong G, Irving E, Ing B. Are there subtle changes in vision after use of VDTs? Work wirh Display Units 1987; 86: 490-503.

8. Hedman LR, Briem V. Shon-term changes in eyestrain of VDU users as a function of age. Human Factors 1984; 26(3): 357-70. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/001872088402600311

9. Mourant RR, L..akshmanan R. Hemian M. "'Hard copy and cathode ray tube visual performance - are there differences?'" Proc of the Human Facrors Soc. 23rd annual meeting 1979: 367-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/107118137902300193

10. Mourant RR, Lakshmanan R, Chantadisai R. Visual fatigue and cathode ray tube dis­play terminals. Hwnan Facrors l 981; 23(5): 529-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/001872088102300503

11. Gunnarsson E, Soderberg I. Eyestrain resulting from VDT work at the Swedish Telecommunications Administration. Applied Ergonomics; 14: 61-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(83)90223-5

12 Ostberg 0. Acconunodation and visual fati­gue in display work. Displays 1980; 2(2): 81-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0141-9382(80)90052-9

13. Haider M. Kundi M, Weissenbock M. Worker stmin related to VDUs with difte­rently coloured characters. IN: Ergonomics Aspects of Visual Display Terminals. Grandjean E, Vigliani E. (eds). London: Taylor and Francis; 1980: 53-64.

14. Murch GM. Visual fatigue and operator performance with DVST and raster dis­plays. Proc Soc lnfonn DiJp 1983; 24(1): 53-61.

15. MiUodot M. Ne'-'10n I. YEP measurement of the amplitude of accommodation. B,ir J Ophthalmol 1981; 65(4): 294-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.65.4.294

16. Lovasik N, Spafford M, Szymkiw M. Modification of pattern reversal VERs by ocular accommodation. Vision Res 1985; 25: 599-608. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(85)90166-X

17. Lovasik N, Woodruff ME. Increasing dia­gnostic potential in pediatric optometry by electrophysiological methods. Can J Optom .1983: 45:(2): 69-83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15353/cjo.v45i2.4294

18. O'Donnell RD, Spicuzza RI. Visually evoked brain potentials a􀃶 aids in display design. US Ai.r Force, Aerospace Medi­cal Research Lab. Wright-Patterson, AFB, Ohio. Electron Show and Conf Red, Chicago, 111, 1977: 1-9.

19. Gomer FE, Bish KG. Evoked potential correlates of display image quality. Human Facrors 1978; 20: 589-96. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/001872087802000508

20. Lovasik N, Kergoat H, Kothe AC. The influence of letter size on the focusing system of the eye. J A-111 Optom A1·soc 1987: 58: 631-9.

21. Chamian WN. On the position of the plane of stationarity in laser refrnction. Am J Oprom Physiol Op, 1974; 51:832-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00006324-197411000-00002

22. Kothe AC, Lovasik N, Campbell MCW. Variation of dark focus of accommodation with laser speckle exposure durntion. Oph­rhal Pltysiol Opr 1987; 7(2): 143-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-1313.1987.tb01010.x

23. Litton Systems Canada Ltd. A study of performance effects of mono and multi­chromatic displays. Phase I report (LC 84/196) DSS contract 85E83-00385. Second corporate sow-ce: Defence and Civil Institute of Environmental Medicine, Downsview, Ontario. 1984.

24. Bennett AG. Rabbens RB. Clinical visual optics. Buttewonhs 1984; 470p.

25. MiUodot M, Sivak J. Influence of accom­modation on the chromatic aberration of the eye. Br J Physiol Opt 1973; 28: 169-74.

26. Sivak J. Bobier CW. Accommodation and chromatic aberration in young children. lnvesr Ophrhal Vis Sci 1978; 17: 705-9.

27. Lovasik N, Wiggins R. Conical indices of impaired ocular accommodation and associated covergence mechanisms. Am J Oprom Physiol Opr 1984; 61: 150-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00006324-198403000-00002

28. Spafford M, lovasik N, Holterman JA. Modification of cortical activity by low plus lenses. Am J Op10111 Physiol Opr 1983; 60: 535-37. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00006324-198306000-00015

29. Lovasik N, Strong JG. Psychogenically induced hypenonicity of the ciliary mus­cle. Can J Op10m 1983; 45(2):56-63.

30. Mandelman T, Sivak J. Longitudinal chro­matic aberration of the vertebrate eye. Vision Res 1985: 25: 1555-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(83)90169-4

31. Gilmartin B, Hogan RE. The magnitude of longitudinal chromatic aberr&ion of the hwnan eye. Vision Res 1985; 25: 1747-53. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(85)90148-8

32. Donohoo DT, Snyder HL. Accommoda­tion duri.ng color contrast. Soc /11fonn Disp 1985; 200-3.

33. Murch GM. Visual accommodation and convergence to multichromatic information displays. lmem Symp Diges/ Tedi Papers 1982; 13: 192-3.

34. Ward PA. Charman WN. An objective assessment of the effect of fogging on accommodation. Am J Oprom Physiol Op1 1987; 64(10): 762-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00006324-198710000-00008

Published

2026-06-12

How to Cite

Kergoat, H., & Lovasik, J. (2026). Visual Performance for Chromatic Displays . Canadian Journal of Optometry, 50(3), 181–189. https://doi.org/10.65636/cjo.v50i3.6971

Issue

Section

Original Research